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Gawthorpe Hall is an Elizabethan country house on the banks of the River Calder, in the civil parish of Ightenhill in the Borough of Burnley, Lancashire, England. Its estate extends into Padiham, with the Stockbridge Drive entrance situated there. Since 1953 it has been designated a grade I listed building. The hall is financed and run by the National Trust in partnership with Lancashire County Council.〔(National Trust website, accessed 10 June 2012 )〕 In 2015 the Hall was given £500,000 funding from Lancashire County Council for vital restoration work needed on the south and west sides of the house.〔(Telegraph|Lancashire Evening Telegraph|2015 )〕 ==History== Gawthorpe Hall's origins are in a pele tower, a strong fortification built by the Shuttleworths in the 14th century as a defence against invading Scots. The Shuttleworths occupied Shuttleworth Hall near Hapton from the 12th century.〔(Grimshaw and Shuttleworth family origin website, accessed 15 January 2011 )〕 The Elizabethan house was dovetailed around the pele tower from plans drawn up by Richard Shuttleworth but carried out after his death by his brother the Reverend Lawrence Shuttleworth. The foundation stone was laid on 26 August 1600.〔Date 1599 O.S. in Cooper 1999:260f; the "Booke of Accountes ... for the use of Mr. Lawrence Shuttleworthe, towchinge his howse att Gawthroppe" begin in February N.S.: John Harland edited "The Shuttleworth Accounts" in (Chetham Society) ''Remains Historical & Literary connected with the palatine counties of Lancaster and Chester'' 35.1 (:126); the foundation stone was laid 26 August 1600 (p. 130).〕 The architect is not recorded, but the house is generally attributed to Robert Smythson.〔Dean (1988), p.5〕 In 1604 Richard Stone, from Carr House in Bretherton, imported Irish panel boards and timber and stored 1,000 pieces in the tithe barn at Hoole until they were needed.〔Jessica Lofthouse, ''Lancashire Villages'' (Robert Hale, London) 1978:48〕 The mottoes of the Kay-Shuttleworths are ''Prudentia et Justitia'' (Prudence and Justice – Shuttleworth) and ''Kynd Kynn Knawne Kepe'' (Kind Friends Know and Keep – Kay).〔Dean, Richard, (1988),''Gawthorpe Hall - Lancashire'', National Trust, ISBN 184359188X〕 Mottoes are found in the front porch and around the top of the tower. The initials ''KS'', Kay-Shuttleworth occur in decoration throughout the house, on the front door and plaster roundels on the ceiling in the main dining room. An early occupant was Colonel Richard Shuttleworth (MP), who inherited it in about 1607 from his uncle. Colonel Shuttleworth was High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1637, Member of Parliament for Preston (1640 to 1648 and 1654 to 1659) and commander of the Parliamentarian Army of the Blackburn Hundred during the Civil War. After his death Gawthorpe was leased to tenants, the Shuttleworths preferring to live at Forcett Hall near Richmond. After Forcett was sold the Shuttleworths returned to Gawthorpe. In 1818 barrister, Robert Shuttleworth died and his daughter Janet inherited the estate at an early age. Her mother remarried and remained at Gawthorpe to protect her inheritance. In 1842 Janet married Sir James Kay of Rochdale, who adopted the surname Kay-Shuttleworth and commissioned Sir Charles Barry to carry out restoration and improvements to the house in the 1850s. Sir James was made a baronet in 1849 and served as High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1864. Charlotte Brontë, a family friend visited the house. In 1953 Charles Kay-Shuttleworth, 4th Baron Shuttleworth, left Gawthorpe to live at Leck Hall near Kirby Lonsdale and in 1970, after the death of Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth, Gawthorpe was gifted to the National Trust. The National Trust described the hall as "an Elizabethan gem in the heart of industrial Lancashire". Nicholas Cooper described the hall's plan as an early example in which the main stair is immediately accessible from the main entrance, a feature that became standard.〔Nicholas Cooper, ''Houses of the Gentry, 1480-1680'' 1999:260f.〕 The hall has a collection of 17th and 18th century portraits on permanent loan from the National Portrait Gallery and is notable for its textiles, collected by the last resident family member Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth, about a fifth of which is on display. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gawthorpe Hall」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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